In reference to advection fog, what primarily impacts its formation?

Advection fog primarily forms due to temperature differences, specifically when warm, moist air moves over a cooler surface, leading to a decrease in temperature of the air to its dew point. This process causes the water vapor in the air to condense into tiny water droplets, resulting in fog.

When warm air is transported over a colder surface, such as ocean waters or cool land, the airflow cools swiftly enough to reach saturation. It is these temperature differences between the air and the surface that directly influence the formation of advection fog.

The role of other factors is significant but secondary to temperature differences. While humidity levels and wind speed can affect the moisture content and dispersion of the fog, and rainfall intensity can contribute to an increase in humidity, they do not directly initiate the process that results in advection fog. Understanding the primary impact of temperature differences helps in anticipating when and where advection fog may develop, especially in aviation operations where visibility is crucial.