What is the main practical difference between an alternator and a generator?

The main practical difference between an alternator and a generator lies in how they produce electrical power and their efficiency across varying engine speeds. An alternator is designed to generate alternating current (AC) and is built specifically to charge the battery at a wide range of engine speeds, including idle. This characteristic means that as soon as the engine is running, the alternator can begin charging the battery, ensuring that the electrical system has power even at lower RPMs.

In contrast, a traditional generator requires higher RPMs to generate sufficient voltage for charging the battery, which may not be practical during all phases of engine operation. This ability of the alternator to provide power consistently throughout the engine's operating range contributes significantly to the overall efficiency and reliability of the electrical systems in modern aircraft.